Unit-III: Forests, Wildlife, Water/Air Acts & The National Green Tribunal (NGT) 1. Protection of Forests and Wildlife A. The Indian Forest Act, 1927 & Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 B. The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 C. Coastal Ecosystems and Marine Protection 2. Prevention and Control of Water and Air Pollution (Statutory Framework) A. The Water…
Unit-II: Common Law Remedies, Public Nuisance under IPC/CrPC & Smoke/Noise Pollution 1. Common Law Remedies against Pollution Before specialized environmental statutes were enacted, victims of pollution relied primarily on traditional common law tort remedies: 2. Statutory Abatement of Public Nuisance (IPC, CrPC and CPC) To overcome the limitations of private civil litigation, Indian law provides…
Unit-I: Environmental Concepts, Ecology, Pollution & Ancient Indian Approach 1. Meaning and Definition of Environment A. Statutory Definition 2. Ecological and Biospheric Concepts 3. Preservation, Conservation and Protection 4. Ancient Indian Approach to Environment 5. Environmental Degradation and Pollution A. Definition of Pollution B. Kinds, Causes and Effects of Pollution 6. In-Depth Landmark Case Studies…
Unit Number Core Topic / Subject Range Relevant Legal Scope Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Nature, Definition & Elements Winfield, Salmond definitions Tort elements, wrongful acts, damnum sine injuria (Gloucester Grammar School), and injuria sine damno (Ashby v. White). Unit-II General Defences & Liability Strict & Absolute Liability Volenti non fit injuria, sovereign immunity,…
Unit-V: Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Product Liability & Consumerism 1. Consumerism and Common Law Limitations 2. The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (Salient Features) The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 replaced the archaic 1986 Act, introducing modern regulatory mechanisms to address e-commerce, misleading advertisements, and product liability: 3. Key Definitions under the Act A. Consumer (Section 2(7))…
Law of Torts Including Motor Vehicles Act and Consumer Protection Laws Unit-IV: Defamation, Negligence, Business Torts, Remedies & Remoteness of Damage Part A: Defamation 1. Meaning and Forms of Defamation 2. Essential Ingredients and Defences Part B: The Tort of Negligence 1. Concept and Evolution of Negligence 2. Three Essential Ingredients of Negligence 3. Doctrine…
Unit-III: Specific Torts against Person, Property & Motor Vehicle Accidents Part A: Specific Torts Affecting the Person 1. Assault and Battery 2. False Imprisonment 3. Malicious Prosecution 4. Nervous Shock Part B: Specific Torts Affecting Property 1. Torts Affecting Immovable Property 2. Torts Affecting Movable Property Part C: Liability Arising Out of Motor Vehicle Accidents…
Unit-II: General Defences, Vicarious Liability, State Liability & Strict/Absolute Liability 1. General Defences to an Action in Tort When a plaintiff files a suit for a tort committed against them, the defendant can escape liability by pleading and proving certain established general defences: 2. Vicarious Liability (Liability for Wrongs Committed by Others) 3. Liability of…
Unit-I: Nature, Definition, Elements, Damnum Sine Injuria & General Principles of Liability 1. Nature and Definition of Law of Torts A. Meaning and Etymology B. Essential Elements of a Tort For an act to constitute a tort and give rise to legal liability, three essential conditions must be satisfied: 2. Development of Law of Torts…
Unit Number Core Topic / Subject Range Relevant Articles / Statutes Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Constitution & Historical Evolution GOI Acts 1919/1935, Constituent Assembly Meaning, classification, drafting committee under Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and Basic Structure doctrine. Unit-II Salient Features, Preamble & State Preamble, Articles 1 to 13 Salient features, territory, citizenship, definition of…