Unit-V: Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Duties & Judicial Interpretation 1. Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP – Part IV, Articles 36 to 51) A. Nature, Significance, and Objectives B. Classification of Directive Principles Though not formally classified in the text, legal scholars broadly categorize DPSPs into three distinct schools of thought: 2. Relationship…
Unit-IV: Exploitation, Religion, Cultural Rights, Constitutional Remedies & Limitations (Arts. 31A–C) 1. Rights Against Exploitation (Articles 23 & 24) 2. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25 to 28) A. Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice, and Propagation (Article 25) B. Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs (Article 26) C. Freedom as to Payment of…
Unit-III: Right to Equality, Freedoms under Article 19, Protection Against Ex-Post Facto Laws & Personal Liberty (Article 21) 1. Right to Equality (Articles 14 to 18) A. Equality Before Law and Equal Protection of the Laws (Article 14) B. Prohibition of Discrimination (Article 15) C. Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment (Article 16) D. Abolition…
Unit-II: Salient Features, Preamble, Territory, Citizenship & State Action (Art. 12 & 13) 1. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world, combining unique features drawn from various global constitutional systems: 2. The Preamble to the Constitution A. Significance and Philosophy B. Is the Preamble…
Unit-I: Constitution — Meaning, Evolution, Classification & Historical Perspectives 1. Constitution — Meaning and Significance A. Definition and Conceptual Framework B. Constitutionalism vs. Constitution 2. Evolution and Classification of Constitutions A. Classification of Constitutions 3. Historical Perspectives: Constitutional Antecedents The Indian Constitution did not emerge in a vacuum; it was built upon constitutional foundations laid…
Unit Number Core Topic / Subject Range Relevant Statutory Provisions Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Sources, Schools, Joint Family & Karta Ancient sources, Mitakshara & Dayabhaga Coparcenary, Karta powers, alienation for legal necessity, partition, and pious obligation. Unit-II Hindu Marriage Act (Conditions) Sections 5 to 8, 17 HMA, 1955 Nature of marriage, monogamy, age,…
Unit-V: Succession — Intestate Succession, Coparcenary Rights & Women’s Property 1. Introduction to Intestate Succession under Hindu Law 2. Succession to the Property of a Hindu Male (Sections 8 to 13) When a male Hindu dies intestate, his property devolves according to Section 8 in the following order: A. Class-I Heirs (The Primary Ring of…
Unit-IV: Adoption, Maintenance and Guardianship 1. Concept of Adoption and Historical Perspectives A. Historical Evolution 2. The Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 (HAMA) A. Requisites of a Valid Adoption (Section 6) No adoption shall be valid unless: B. Capacity of a Male Hindu to Adopt (Section 7) C. Capacity of a Female Hindu to…
Unit-III: Matrimonial Remedies, Conciliation & Family Courts 1. Introduction to Matrimonial Remedies under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 While ancient Hindu law viewed marriage as an indissoluble sacrament, the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (HMA) introduced a comprehensive regime of statutory matrimonial remedies. These remedies are designed to preserve the marital bond where possible, or provide…
Unit-II: Marriage — Nature, Conditions, Ceremonies, Monogamy & Polygamy 1. Importance and Nature of Marriage under Hindu Law A. Traditional vs. Modern Legal Conception 2. Conditions for a Valid Hindu Marriage (Section 5 of HMA, 1955) For a marriage to be solemnized between any two Hindus, Section 5 lays down five mandatory conditions: 3. Ceremonies…