Unit-II: State Recognition, State Succession, Responsibility & State Territory 1. State Recognition A. Concept and Significance B. Theories of Recognition C. Criteria for Statehood (Montevideo Convention, 1933) Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention lays down the standard criteria for statehood: D. Modes of Recognition E. Recognition of Governments 2. State Succession A. Concept and Meaning…
Unit-I: Nature, Scope, Sources & Relation to Municipal Law 1. Definition, Nature, Scope and Importance of International Law A. Definitions of Public International Law B. Nature: Is International Law “True Law”? A classic jurisprudential debate questions whether international law is binding law or merely a code of international morality: C. Scope and Importance 2. Relation…
Unit-V: Health, Safety, Welfare of Labour, Child Labour & Equal Remuneration 1. The Factories Act, 1948: Health, Safety, and Welfare Chapters A. Object and Scope B. Statutory Provisions for Health (Chapter III – Sections 11 to 20) Employers must maintain a clean and hygienic working environment. Key health provisions include: C. Statutory Provisions for Safety…
Unit-IV: Provident Fund, Maternity Benefit & Payment of Gratuity 1. Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 A. Object and Scope B. Core Schemes under the Act (Section 5, 6A, 6C) The Act establishes a tripartite social security framework administered by the Central Board of Trustees through three main statutory schemes: C. Contributions and…
Unit-III: Employees Security & Welfare, Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 & ESI Act, 1948 1. Concept of Social Security & Welfare 2. The Employee’s Compensation Act, 1923 (Formerly Workmen’s Compensation Act) A. Object and Nature of Liability B. Key Definitions (Section 2) C. Employer’s Liability and the “Nexus” Test (Section 3) D. Payment of Compensation, Computation…
Unit-II: Bonus – Concept & Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 1. Concept of Bonus & Historical Evolution A. Understanding the Nature of Bonus B. The Full Bench Formula (LTI / Labour Appellate Tribunal Formula) 2. The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 A. Application and Scope (Section 1 & 2) B. Eligibility and Disqualification (Sections 8…
Unit-I: The Remunerative Aspects – Wages 1. Concepts of Wages, Industrial Policies & Historical Context A. Conceptualizing Wages In labour jurisprudence, a wage is not merely a contractual consideration for services rendered; it is a vital instrument for social justice, economic security, and human dignity. The Indian legal framework distinguishes wages into three standard tiers:…