Unit-III: Relevancy of Judgments, Expert Opinions, Oral/Documentary Evidence & Electronic Records 1. Relevancy of Judgments (Sections 34 to 43 of BSA, 2023) 2. Opinion of Witnesses and Expert Testimony (Sections 39 to 45) A. General Rule (Section 39) B. Exceptions (When Opinions are Relevant) 3. Facts Which Need Not Be Proved (Sections 56 to 58)…
Unit-III: Offences Affecting Human Life, Homicide, Murder, Negligence, Group Killings & Bodily Hurt (BNS, 2023) 1. Offences Affecting Human Life (Sections 100 to 113 of BNS, 2023) A. Culpable Homicide (Section 100) B. Murder (Section 101) C. The Famous Distinction: Culpable Homicide vs. Murder 2. Causing Death by Negligence and New Offences in BNS (2023)…
Unit-III: Centre-State Relations — Legislative, Administrative, Financial & Judicial Doctrines 1. Legislative Relations (Articles 245 to 255) A. Territorial Extent of Laws (Article 245) B. Distribution of Legislative Subjects (Seventh Schedule, Article 246) 2. Administrative Relations (Articles 256 to 263) 3. Financial Relations (Articles 268 to 281) 4. Judicial Doctrines Evolved in Centre-State Relations 5….
Unit-III: Parentage, Guardianship, Gifts (Hiba) & Wills (Wasiyat) 1. Parentage: Maternity, Paternity and Legitimacy A. Maternity and Paternity B. Legitimacy and Acknowledgment (Iqrar) 2. Guardianship (Hizanat and Wilayat) A. Meaning and Kinds of Guardianship Guardianship under Muslim law is divided into custody of the person (Hizanat) and guardianship of property (Wilayat). B. Removal of Guardian…
Unit-III: Contract of Sale of Goods — Formation, Conditions, Warranties & Caveat Emptor 1. Introduction and Formation of Contract of Sale (The Sale of Goods Act, 1930) A. Historical Context & Application B. Definition of Contract of Sale (Section 4) C. Essential Elements of a Sale 2. Subject Matter of Contract of Sale (Sections 6…
Unit-III: Forests, Wildlife, Water/Air Acts & The National Green Tribunal (NGT) 1. Protection of Forests and Wildlife A. The Indian Forest Act, 1927 & Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 B. The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 C. Coastal Ecosystems and Marine Protection 2. Prevention and Control of Water and Air Pollution (Statutory Framework) A. The Water…
Unit-III: Specific Torts against Person, Property & Motor Vehicle Accidents Part A: Specific Torts Affecting the Person 1. Assault and Battery 2. False Imprisonment 3. Malicious Prosecution 4. Nervous Shock Part B: Specific Torts Affecting Property 1. Torts Affecting Immovable Property 2. Torts Affecting Movable Property Part C: Liability Arising Out of Motor Vehicle Accidents…
Unit-III: Matrimonial Remedies, Conciliation & Family Courts 1. Introduction to Matrimonial Remedies under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 While ancient Hindu law viewed marriage as an indissoluble sacrament, the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (HMA) introduced a comprehensive regime of statutory matrimonial remedies. These remedies are designed to preserve the marital bond where possible, or provide…
Unit-III: Discharge of Contracts and Breach 1. Concept of Discharge of Contracts A. Meaning of Discharge B. Modes of Discharge A contract can be discharged through several recognized modes: 2. Discharge by Performance A. Performance by Parties (Section 37) B. Appropriation of Payments (Sections 59 to 61) When a debtor owes multiple distinct debts to…
Unit-III: Copyright Law — The Copyright Act, 1957 1. Meaning, Nature, Historical Evolution and Significance of Copyright A. Conceptualizing Copyright B. Historical Evolution 2. Subject Matter of Copyright Protection (Section 13) Under Section 13 of the Copyright Act, 1957, copyright subsists throughout India in the following classes of works: 3. The Idea-Expression Dichotomy 4. Ownership…