Unit-III: Disciplinary Proceedings, Professional Misconduct, Disqualifications & Functions of Bar Councils 1. Professional Misconduct: Concept and Meaning 2. Disqualifications and Removal from Rolls 3. Functions of State Bar Councils and Bar Council of India in Disciplinary Proceedings (Sections 35 to 44) A. State Bar Council Disciplinary Committee (Section 35) B. Bar Council of India Disciplinary…
Unit-III: Tribunals, Lokpal & Lokayuktas, Lok Adalats, Family Courts & CPC Section 89 1. Specialized Tribunals in India 2. Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 3. Lok Adalats and Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 4. Family Courts Act, 1984 5. Section 89 and Order X, Rules 1A, 1B, and 1C of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908…
Unit-III: Cheques, Crossed Cheques, Account Payee, Drafts, Dividend Warrants & Negotiable Instruments Act 1. Meaning and Salient Features of Negotiable Instruments (The NI Act, 1881) 2. Cheques: Definition and Essential Characteristics (Section 6) 3. Crossings of Cheques (Sections 123 to 131) 4. Special Instruments: Banker’s Drafts, Dividend Warrants & Deemed Instruments 5. In-Depth Landmark Case…
Unit-III: Cognizance, Charges, Bail, Inquiries & Trials 1. General Principles of Fair Trial and Jurisdiction in Inquiries and Trials (Sections 197 to 222) 2. Complaints to Magistrates and Initiation of Proceedings (Sections 223 to 233) 3. The Charge and Joinder of Charges (Sections 234 to 247) 4. Classification of Trials: Sessions, Warrant, Summons, and Summary…
Unit-III: Appearance, Examination, Adjournments, Injunctions, Receivers, Commissions, Judgment & Execution 1. Appearance and Examination of Parties, Adjournments, and Ex-Parte Procedure (Orders IX & X) A. Appearance of Parties and Consequences of Non-Appearance (Order IX) B. Examination of Parties (Order X) C. Adjournments (Order XVII) 2. Summoning, Attendance, Examination of Witnesses, and Documents (Orders XVI &…
Unit-III: Authorities under ID Act, Chapter V-A & V-B, Lay-off, Retrenchment & Unfair Labour Practices 1. Settlement and Adjudication Authorities under the ID Act (Sections 3 to 15) To resolve industrial disputes peacefully without resorting to disruptive strikes or lockouts, the ID Act establishes a tiered institutional machinery: A. Works Committee (Section 3) B. Conciliation…
Unit-III: Shares, Stock, Allotment, Forfeiture, Transfer & Transmission 1. Shares and Stock A. Meaning and Definition of a Share (Section 2(84)) 2. Statutory Restrictions and Procedures on Allotment of Shares A. Allotment of Shares (Sections 39 and 40) 3. Calls, Forfeiture, and Surrender of Shares A. Calls on Shares B. Forfeiture of Shares C. Surrender…
Unit-III: Classification of Administrative Functions & Delegated Legislation 1. Classification of Administrative Functions As modern administrative agencies expand, they exercise diverse powers that defy strict traditional compartmentalization. Administrative functions are broadly classified into four major categories: A. Legislative Functions (Rule-Making) B. Quasi-Judicial Functions (Administrative Adjudication) C. Administrative Functions (Pure Executive / Executive Action) D. Ministerial…
Unit-III: Sale, Mortgage, Marshalling, Contribution & Charges 1. Sale of Immovable Property (Sections 54 to 57 of TPA) A. Essential Features and Definition (Section 54) B. Rights and Liabilities of Buyer and Seller (Section 55) 2. Mortgage of Immovable Property (Sections 58 to 104) A. Definition and Key Terms (Section 58) B. Kinds of Mortgages…
Unit-III: Legal Personality, Corporations, Rights and Duties 1. Persons and Nature of Legal Personality A. Meaning of “Person” in Jurisprudence B. Legal Status of Special Entities 2. Corporations and Corporate Personality A. Meaning and Nature of Corporate Personality B. Purpose of Incorporation 3. Rights and Duties A. Definition and Correlation of Rights and Duties B….