Unit-V: Repeals, Amendments, Subordinate Legislation & Substantive/Procedural Laws 1. Effect of Repeal of Statutes A. Meaning and Types of Repeal B. General Consequences of Repeal (Section 6 of the General Clauses Act, 1897) Unless a different intention appears, the repeal of an enactment does not: 2. Effect of Amendments to Statutes A. Meaning and Distinction…
Unit-IV: External Aids, Internal Aids & Presumptions 1. Internal Aids to Interpretation Internal aids are those elements that form part of the statute itself, enacted by the legislature alongside the operative text. They serve as built-in contextual guides for discovering legislative intent. 2. External Aids to Interpretation External aids are materials outside the four corners…
Unit-III: Penal & Taxing Statutes, Beneficial Construction & Harmonious Construction 1. Interpretation of Penal Statutes A. Core Principle: Strict Construction (Strictissimi Juris) 2. Interpretation of Statutes of Taxation A. Core Principle: Strict Literal Construction 3. Beneficial (Remedial) Construction A. Meaning and Core Principle 4. Doctrine of Harmonious Construction A. Meaning and Core Principle 5. Comparative…
Unit-II: Grammatical Rule, Golden Rule & Mischief Rule 1. Grammatical Rule of Interpretation (Literal Rule) A. Meaning and Core Principle B. Limitations of the Grammatical Rule 2. Golden Rule of Interpretation A. Meaning and Core Principle B. Operation of the Golden Rule 3. Rule of Interpretation to Avoid Mischief (The Mischief Rule / Heydon’s Rule)…
Unit-I: Meaning, Classification, Principles & General Clauses Act, 1897 1. Meaning, Definition and Purpose of Statutes A. Definition of a Statute B. Meaning and Definition of Interpretation vs. Construction 2. Classification of Statutes Statutes are classified into various categories based on their object, scope, operation, and duration: 3. General Principles of Interpretation 4. Rules of…
Unit Number Topic / Convention Name Relevant Provisions Range Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Statute of the ICJ (Article 38) & Constitutions Article 38 ICJ Statute / Art 51 Constitution of India Sources of international law (Treaties, Custom, General Principles) and Monism vs. Dualism. Unit-II Montevideo Convention & ILC Articles Montevideo Art 1 /…
Unit Number Act / Code Name Relevant Sections Range Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Payment of Wages Act, 1936 Sections 1 to 20 Timely payment of wages, authorized deductions, fines, and claims machinery. Unit-I Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Sections 1 to 30 Minimum/fair/living wages, fixing and revising minimum rates, and claims. Unit-II Payment of…
Unit-V: International Organizations, UN, ICJ, ICC & Specialized Agencies 1. International Organizations: League of Nations and United Nations A. The League of Nations (1920) B. The United Nations (UN), 1945 2. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) 3. The International Criminal Court (ICC) 4. Specialized Agencies of the United Nations Specialized agencies are autonomous international…
Unit-IV: Law of the Sea, Airspace & Outer Space 1. The Legal Regime of the Seas A. Evolution of the Law of the Sea B. Maritime Zones under UNCLOS, 1982 UNCLOS establishes precise jurisdictional boundaries measured from the baseline (low-water line): C. High Seas and the “Common Heritage of Mankind” 2. Legal Regime of Airspace…
Unit-III: Position of Individuals, Nationality, Extradition, Asylum, Diplomacy & Treaties 1. Position of Individuals in International Law 2. Nationality 3. Extradition A. Concept and Principles 4. Asylum 5. Privileges and Immunities of Diplomatic Envoys 6. Treaties: Formation, Consent, Reservations and Termination 7. In-Depth Landmark Case Studies Case Study 1: Diplomatic Asylum & Extradition Rights Case…