Important Legal Definitions

"As much as he has deserved." An equitable claim under Section 70 of the Indian Contract Act allowing a party who has partially performed an obligation under a contract that is subsequently terminated or breached to recover fair remuneration for the work actually completed.

An Article 226 writ remedy sought by a government employee to quash departmental inquiry proceedings where the chargesheet discloses no misconduct, is motivated by proven malice, or has been inordinately delayed for decades without explanation.

The inherent power of a High Court to terminate an FIR, chargesheet, or pending criminal trial to prevent the abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice.

"Because he fears." An equitable action or application for an injunction instituted to prevent an anticipated or threatened injury, infringement, or civil wrong before it has actually occurred.

"Because he fears." An equitable preventive injunction sought by a plaintiff to restrain an anticipated, threatened, or imminent infringement, nuisance, or breach of contract before any actual damage or violation has occurred.

"By what warrant or authority?" A writ requiring a person holding a substantive public, statutory, or constitutional office to show the legal authority and qualifications under which they claim and occupy that office.

An extraordinary constitutional petition questioning the validity of the appointment of a sitting judge to a superior court on the ground that the constitutional consultative process (Article 217) or eligibility requirements were not met.

A writ challenging the appointment of political leaders to ministerial or executive positions on the ground of an express constitutional disqualification (such as criminal conviction under the Representation of the People Act).

An administrative or constitutional proceeding conducted by a body lacking the legally mandated minimum number of members (quorum) or lacking competent statutory appointment, rendering all outcomes void.