Concise subject reference material.
Unit Number Topic / Act Name Relevant Legal Scope Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Classification & Forms of IP Patents, Trademarks, Copyright, GIs, Designs Intangible property nature, traditional IP forms, and emerging areas (Plant varieties, Biotechnology, GRTK). Unit-II International Protection Paris, Berne, Madrid, PCT, TRIPS Agreement Global harmonization, National Treatment, MFN treatment, and WTO-backed…
Unit Number Core Topic / Act Name Relevant Legal Scope Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Classification, Ownership & Doctrines Eminent Domain, Escheat, Record of Rights Absolute/limited ownership, sovereign property doctrines, and maintenance of pattas. Unit-II Land Reforms & Tenancy Zamindari Abolition Acts & Tenancy Acts Abolition of feudal intermediaries, Ninth Schedule protection, and “Land…
Unit Number Act / Doctrine Name Relevant Scope Range Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I General Clauses Act, 1897 Sections 3 to 30 Standard definitions, statutory dictionary, and savings upon repeal. Unit-II Rules of Interpretation Literal, Golden, & Mischief Rules Grammatical construction, avoidance of absurdity, and Heydon’s purposive approach. Unit-III Special Rules of Construction Penal,…
Unit Number Topic / Convention Name Relevant Provisions Range Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Statute of the ICJ (Article 38) & Constitutions Article 38 ICJ Statute / Art 51 Constitution of India Sources of international law (Treaties, Custom, General Principles) and Monism vs. Dualism. Unit-II Montevideo Convention & ILC Articles Montevideo Art 1 /…
Unit Number Act / Code Name Relevant Sections Range Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Payment of Wages Act, 1936 Sections 1 to 20 Timely payment of wages, authorized deductions, fines, and claims machinery. Unit-I Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Sections 1 to 30 Minimum/fair/living wages, fixing and revising minimum rates, and claims. Unit-II Payment of…