First-year, First-semester study resources.
Unit-II: General Defences, Vicarious Liability, State Liability & Strict/Absolute Liability 1. General Defences to an Action in Tort When a plaintiff files a suit for a tort committed against them, the defendant can escape liability by pleading and proving certain established general defences: 2. Vicarious Liability (Liability for Wrongs Committed by Others) 3. Liability of…
Unit-I: Nature, Definition, Elements, Damnum Sine Injuria & General Principles of Liability 1. Nature and Definition of Law of Torts A. Meaning and Etymology B. Essential Elements of a Tort For an act to constitute a tort and give rise to legal liability, three essential conditions must be satisfied: 2. Development of Law of Torts…
Unit Number Core Topic / Subject Range Relevant Articles / Statutes Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Constitution & Historical Evolution GOI Acts 1919/1935, Constituent Assembly Meaning, classification, drafting committee under Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and Basic Structure doctrine. Unit-II Salient Features, Preamble & State Preamble, Articles 1 to 13 Salient features, territory, citizenship, definition of…
Unit-V: Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Duties & Judicial Interpretation 1. Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP – Part IV, Articles 36 to 51) A. Nature, Significance, and Objectives B. Classification of Directive Principles Though not formally classified in the text, legal scholars broadly categorize DPSPs into three distinct schools of thought: 2. Relationship…
Unit-IV: Exploitation, Religion, Cultural Rights, Constitutional Remedies & Limitations (Arts. 31A–C) 1. Rights Against Exploitation (Articles 23 & 24) 2. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25 to 28) A. Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice, and Propagation (Article 25) B. Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs (Article 26) C. Freedom as to Payment of…
Unit-III: Right to Equality, Freedoms under Article 19, Protection Against Ex-Post Facto Laws & Personal Liberty (Article 21) 1. Right to Equality (Articles 14 to 18) A. Equality Before Law and Equal Protection of the Laws (Article 14) B. Prohibition of Discrimination (Article 15) C. Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment (Article 16) D. Abolition…
Unit-II: Salient Features, Preamble, Territory, Citizenship & State Action (Art. 12 & 13) 1. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world, combining unique features drawn from various global constitutional systems: 2. The Preamble to the Constitution A. Significance and Philosophy B. Is the Preamble…
Unit-I: Constitution — Meaning, Evolution, Classification & Historical Perspectives 1. Constitution — Meaning and Significance A. Definition and Conceptual Framework B. Constitutionalism vs. Constitution 2. Evolution and Classification of Constitutions A. Classification of Constitutions 3. Historical Perspectives: Constitutional Antecedents The Indian Constitution did not emerge in a vacuum; it was built upon constitutional foundations laid…
Unit Number Core Topic / Subject Range Relevant Statutory Provisions Core Description / Subject Matter Unit-I Sources, Schools, Joint Family & Karta Ancient sources, Mitakshara & Dayabhaga Coparcenary, Karta powers, alienation for legal necessity, partition, and pious obligation. Unit-II Hindu Marriage Act (Conditions) Sections 5 to 8, 17 HMA, 1955 Nature of marriage, monogamy, age,…
Unit-V: Succession — Intestate Succession, Coparcenary Rights & Women’s Property 1. Introduction to Intestate Succession under Hindu Law 2. Succession to the Property of a Hindu Male (Sections 8 to 13) When a male Hindu dies intestate, his property devolves according to Section 8 in the following order: A. Class-I Heirs (The Primary Ring of…