Unit-II: Capacity, Free Consent, Legality of Object, Wagering & Contingent Contracts 1. Capacity of Parties (Competency to Contract) A. Statutory Rule (Section 11) B. Effect of Minor’s Agreement C. Contracts with Insane Persons and Persons Disqualified by Law 2. Free Consent (Sections 14 to 22) A. Meaning of Consent and Free Consent B. Detailed Breakdown…
Unit-II: International Conventions, Treaties & The TRIPS Agreement 1. Evolution of International Protection of Intellectual Property A. The Need for Global Protection 2. Introduction to Leading International Instruments & Conventions A. The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883) B. The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886) C….
Unit-II: Land Reforms, Zamindari Settlement, Abolition & Tenancy Laws 1. Historical Evolution of Land Systems & Pre-Independence Settlements To understand post-independence land reforms, one must first understand the oppressive agrarian structures created by the British colonial administration, which concentrated vast tracts of land in the hands of non-cultivating intermediaries. A. The Permanent Settlement & Zamindari…
Unit-II: Grammatical Rule, Golden Rule & Mischief Rule 1. Grammatical Rule of Interpretation (Literal Rule) A. Meaning and Core Principle B. Limitations of the Grammatical Rule 2. Golden Rule of Interpretation A. Meaning and Core Principle B. Operation of the Golden Rule 3. Rule of Interpretation to Avoid Mischief (The Mischief Rule / Heydon’s Rule)…
Unit-II: State Recognition, State Succession, Responsibility & State Territory 1. State Recognition A. Concept and Significance B. Theories of Recognition C. Criteria for Statehood (Montevideo Convention, 1933) Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention lays down the standard criteria for statehood: D. Modes of Recognition E. Recognition of Governments 2. State Succession A. Concept and Meaning…
Unit-II: Bonus – Concept & Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 1. Concept of Bonus & Historical Evolution A. Understanding the Nature of Bonus B. The Full Bench Formula (LTI / Labour Appellate Tribunal Formula) 2. The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 A. Application and Scope (Section 1 & 2) B. Eligibility and Disqualification (Sections 8…