Important Legal Definitions

The canon of interpretation establishing that when two provisions of the same statute (or two distinct enactments) appear to conflict, the court must construe them so as to give effect to both, avoiding an interpretation that renders either provision dead, redundant, or ineffective.

In CIT v. Hindustan Bulk Carriers, the Supreme Court reaffirmed that courts must avoid a head-on clash between statutory sections and must interpret them harmoniously so that every part of the enactment remains functional.