Important Legal Definitions

The procedural question in administrative law regarding whether natural justice requires an in-person, oral hearing or whether considering written representations suffices, with oral hearings being mandatory whenever severe personal, civil, or professional penalties are at stake.

In Travancore Rayons Ltd. v. Union of India, the Supreme Court held that in complex quasi-judicial disputes involving technical or fiscal matters, providing an oral hearing is essential for the effective presentation of the case.