Important Legal Definitions

Public Law Remedy: Relief sought under Articles 32 or 226 to enforce constitutional obligations, statutory duties, or administrative fairness against the State.

Private Law Remedy: Relief sought through ordinary civil suits for damages, breach of contract, or injunctions between private individuals.

A builder suing a subcontractor for delayed supply files a civil suit (private law remedy); a contractor challenging a State electricity board for blacklisting them without a hearing files a writ under Article 226 (public law remedy).