| PREAMBLE | PREAMBLE DEFINITIONRead → |
| PART I | THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY |
| ARTICLE 1 | Name and territory of the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 2 | Admission or establishment of new States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 2A | Sikkim to be associated with the Union—Omitted |
| ARTICLE 3 | Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 4 | Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.Read → |
| PART II | CITIZENSHIP |
| ARTICLE 5 | Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.Read → |
| ARTICLE 6 | Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.Read → |
| ARTICLE 7 | Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.Read → |
| ARTICLE 8 | Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.Read → |
| ARTICLE 9 | Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.Read → |
| ARTICLE 10 | Continuance of the rights of citizenship.Read → |
| ARTICLE 11 | Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.Read → |
| PART III | FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS |
| ARTICLE 12 | Definition.Read → |
| ARTICLE 13 | Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Right to Equality |
| ARTICLE 14 | Equality before law.Read → |
| ARTICLE 15 | Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.Read → |
| ARTICLE 16 | Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.Read → |
| ARTICLE 17 | Abolition of Untouchability.Read → |
| ARTICLE 18 | Abolition of titles.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Right to Freedom |
| ARTICLE 19 | Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 20 | Protection in respect of conviction for offences.Read → |
| ARTICLE 21 | Protection of life and personal liberty.Read → |
| ARTICLE 21A | Right to education.Read → |
| ARTICLE 22 | Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Right against Exploitation |
| ARTICLE 23 | Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.Read → |
| ARTICLE 24 | Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Right to Freedom of Religion |
| ARTICLE 25 | Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.Read → |
| ARTICLE 26 | Freedom to manage religious affairs.Read → |
| ARTICLE 27 | Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.Read → |
| ARTICLE 28 | Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Cultural and Educational Rights |
| ARTICLE 29 | Protection of interests of minorities.Read → |
| ARTICLE 30 | Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 31 | Compulsory acquisition of property—OmittedRead → |
| SUB-HEADING | Saving of Certain Laws |
| ARTICLE 31A | Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 31B | Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.Read → |
| ARTICLE 31C | Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.Read → |
| ARTICLE 31D | Saving of laws in respect of anti-national activities—OmittedRead → |
| SUB-HEADING | Right to Constitutional Remedies |
| ARTICLE 32 | Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.Read → |
| ARTICLE 32A | Constitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 33 | Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 34 | Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.Read → |
| ARTICLE 35 | Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.Read → |
| PART IV | DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY |
| ARTICLE 36 | Definition.Read → |
| ARTICLE 37 | Application of the principles contained in this Part.Read → |
| ARTICLE 38 | State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.Read → |
| ARTICLE 39 | Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.Read → |
| ARTICLE 39A | Equal justice and free legal aid.Read → |
| ARTICLE 40 | Organisation of village panchayats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 41 | Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 42 | Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.Read → |
| ARTICLE 43 | Living wage, etc., for workers.Read → |
| ARTICLE 43A | Participation of workers in management of industries.Read → |
| ARTICLE 43B | Promotion of co-operative societies.Read → |
| ARTICLE 44 | Uniform civil code for the citizens.Read → |
| ARTICLE 45 | Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.Read → |
| ARTICLE 46 | Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.Read → |
| ARTICLE 47 | Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.Read → |
| ARTICLE 48 | Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.Read → |
| ARTICLE 48A | Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.Read → |
| ARTICLE 49 | Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.Read → |
| ARTICLE 50 | Separation of judiciary from executive.Read → |
| ARTICLE 51 | Promotion of international peace and security.Read → |
| ARTICLE 51A | Fundamental duties.Read → |
| PART V | THE UNION |
| CHAPTER I | THE EXECUTIVE |
| SUB-HEADING | The President and Vice-President |
| ARTICLE 52 | The President of India.Read → |
| ARTICLE 53 | Executive power of the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 54 | Election of President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 55 | Manner of election of President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 56 | Term of office of President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 57 | Eligibility for re-election.Read → |
| ARTICLE 58 | Qualifications for election as President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 59 | Conditions of President's office.Read → |
| ARTICLE 60 | Oath or affirmation by the President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 61 | Procedure for impeachment of the President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 62 | Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.Read → |
| ARTICLE 63 | The Vice-President of India.Read → |
| ARTICLE 64 | The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 65 | The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 66 | Election of Vice-President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 67 | Term of office of Vice-President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 68 | Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice- President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.Read → |
| ARTICLE 69 | Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 70 | Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies.Read → |
| ARTICLE 71 | Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 72 | Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 73 | Extent of executive power of the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 74 | Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 75 | Other provisions as to Ministers.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | The Attorney-General for India |
| ARTICLE 76 | Attorney-General for India.Read → |
| ARTICLE 77 | Conduct of business of the Government of India.Read → |
| ARTICLE 78 | Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.Read → |
| CHAPTER II | PARLIAMENT |
| ARTICLE 79 | Constitution of Parliament.Read → |
| ARTICLE 80 | Composition of the Council of States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 81 | Composition of the House of the People.Read → |
| ARTICLE 82 | Readjustment after each census.Read → |
| ARTICLE 83 | Duration of Houses of Parliament.Read → |
| ARTICLE 84 | Qualification for membership of Parliament.Read → |
| ARTICLE 85 | Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.Read → |
| ARTICLE 86 | Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.Read → |
| ARTICLE 87 | Special address by the President.Read → |
| ARTICLE 88 | Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Officers of Parliament |
| ARTICLE 89 | The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 90 | Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.Read → |
| ARTICLE 91 | Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.Read → |
| ARTICLE 92 | The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.Read → |
| ARTICLE 93 | The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.Read → |
| ARTICLE 94 | Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.Read → |
| ARTICLE 95 | Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.Read → |
| ARTICLE 96 | The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.Read → |
| ARTICLE 97 | Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.Read → |
| ARTICLE 98 | Secretariat of Parliament.Read → |
| ARTICLE 99 | Oath or affirmation by members.Read → |
| ARTICLE 100 | Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.Read → |
| ARTICLE 101 | Vacation of seats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 102 | Disqualifications for membership.Read → |
| ARTICLE 103 | Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.Read → |
| ARTICLE 104 | Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified.Read → |
| ARTICLE 105 | Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.Read → |
| ARTICLE 106 | Salaries and allowances of members.Read → |
| ARTICLE 107 | Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 108 | Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 109 | Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 110 | Definition of “Money Bills”.Read → |
| ARTICLE 111 | Assent to Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 112 | Annual financial statement.Read → |
| ARTICLE 113 | Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.Read → |
| ARTICLE 114 | Appropriation Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 115 | Supplementary, additional or excess grants.Read → |
| ARTICLE 116 | Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.Read → |
| ARTICLE 117 | Special provisions as to financial Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 118 | Rules of procedure.Read → |
| ARTICLE 119 | Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.Read → |
| ARTICLE 120 | Language to be used in Parliament.Read → |
| ARTICLE 121 | Restriction on discussion in Parliament.Read → |
| ARTICLE 122 | Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.Read → |
| CHAPTER III | LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT |
| ARTICLE 123 | Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.Read → |
| CHAPTER IV | THE UNION JUDICIARY |
| ARTICLE 124 | Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 124A | National Judicial Appointments Commission.Read → |
| ARTICLE 124B | Functions of Commission.Read → |
| ARTICLE 124C | Power of Parliament to make law.Read → |
| ARTICLE 125 | Salaries, etc., of Judges.Read → |
| ARTICLE 126 | Appointment of acting Chief Justice.Read → |
| ARTICLE 127 | Appointment of ad hoc Judges.Read → |
| ARTICLE 128 | Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 129 | Supreme Court to be a court of record.Read → |
| ARTICLE 130 | Seat of Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 131 | Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 131A | Exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to questions as to constitutional validity of Central laws—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 132 | Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 133 | Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters.Read → |
| ARTICLE 134 | Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.Read → |
| ARTICLE 134A | Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 135 | Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 136 | Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 137 | Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 138 | Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 139 | Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.Read → |
| ARTICLE 139A | Transfer of certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 140 | Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 141 | Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 142 | Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 143 | Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 144 | Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 144A | Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of laws—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 145 | Rules of Court, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 146 | Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 147 | Interpretation.Read → |
| CHAPTER V | COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA |
| ARTICLE 148 | Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.Read → |
| ARTICLE 149 | Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.Read → |
| ARTICLE 150 | Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 151 | Audit reports.Read → |
| PART VI | THE STATES |
| CHAPTER I | GENERAL |
| ARTICLE 152 | Definition.Read → |
| CHAPTER II | THE EXECUTIVE |
| SUB-HEADING | The Governor |
| ARTICLE 153 | Governors of States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 154 | Executive power of State.Read → |
| ARTICLE 155 | Appointment of Governor.Read → |
| ARTICLE 156 | Term of office of Governor.Read → |
| ARTICLE 157 | Qualifications for appointment as Governor.Read → |
| ARTICLE 158 | Conditions of Governor's office.Read → |
| ARTICLE 159 | Oath or affirmation by the Governor.Read → |
| ARTICLE 160 | Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.Read → |
| ARTICLE 161 | Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 162 | Extent of executive power of State.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Council of Ministers |
| ARTICLE 163 | Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor.Read → |
| ARTICLE 164 | Other provisions as to Ministers.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | The Advocate-General for the State |
| ARTICLE 165 | Advocate-General for the State.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Conduct of Government Business |
| ARTICLE 166 | Conduct of Business of the Government of a State.Read → |
| ARTICLE 167 | Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.Read → |
| CHAPTER III | THE STATE LEGISLATURE |
| ARTICLE 168 | Constitution of Legislatures in States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 169 | Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 170 | Composition of the Legislative Assemblies.Read → |
| ARTICLE 171 | Composition of the Legislative Councils.Read → |
| ARTICLE 172 | Duration of State Legislatures.Read → |
| ARTICLE 173 | Qualification for membership of the State Legislature.Read → |
| ARTICLE 174 | Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.Read → |
| ARTICLE 175 | Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses.Read → |
| ARTICLE 176 | Special address by the Governor.Read → |
| ARTICLE 177 | Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Officers of the State Legislature |
| ARTICLE 178 | The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.Read → |
| ARTICLE 179 | Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.Read → |
| ARTICLE 180 | Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.Read → |
| ARTICLE 181 | The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.Read → |
| ARTICLE 182 | The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.Read → |
| ARTICLE 183 | Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.Read → |
| ARTICLE 184 | Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.Read → |
| ARTICLE 185 | The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.Read → |
| ARTICLE 186 | Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman.Read → |
| ARTICLE 187 | Secretariat of State Legislature.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Conduct of Business |
| ARTICLE 188 | Oath or affirmation by members.Read → |
| ARTICLE 189 | Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Disqualifications of Members |
| ARTICLE 190 | Vacation of seats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 191 | Disqualifications for membership.Read → |
| ARTICLE 192 | Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.Read → |
| ARTICLE 193 | Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Powers, Privileges and Immunities of State Legislatures and their Members |
| ARTICLE 194 | Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof.Read → |
| ARTICLE 195 | Salaries and allowances of members.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Legislative Procedure |
| ARTICLE 196 | Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 197 | Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 198 | Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 199 | Definition of “Money Bills”.Read → |
| ARTICLE 200 | Assent to Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 201 | Bills reserved for consideration.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Procedure in Financial Matters |
| ARTICLE 202 | Annual financial statement.Read → |
| ARTICLE 203 | Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates.Read → |
| ARTICLE 204 | Appropriation Bills.Read → |
| ARTICLE 205 | Supplementary, additional or excess grants.Read → |
| ARTICLE 206 | Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.Read → |
| ARTICLE 207 | Special provisions as to financial Bills.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Procedure Generally |
| ARTICLE 208 | Rules of procedure.Read → |
| ARTICLE 209 | Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business.Read → |
| ARTICLE 210 | Language to be used in the Legislature.Read → |
| ARTICLE 211 | Restriction on discussion in the Legislature.Read → |
| ARTICLE 212 | Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature.Read → |
| CHAPTER IV | LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR |
| ARTICLE 213 | Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.Read → |
| CHAPTER V | THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES |
| ARTICLE 214 | High Courts for States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 215 | High Courts to be courts of record.Read → |
| ARTICLE 216 | Constitution of High Courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 217 | Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 218 | Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 219 | Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 220 | Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge.Read → |
| ARTICLE 221 | Salaries, etc., of Judges.Read → |
| ARTICLE 222 | Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another.Read → |
| ARTICLE 223 | Appointment of acting Chief Justice.Read → |
| ARTICLE 224 | Appointment of additional and acting Judges.Read → |
| ARTICLE 224A | Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 225 | Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 226 | Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.Read → |
| ARTICLE 226A | Constitutional validity of Central laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 226—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 227 | Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 228 | Transfer of certain cases to High Court.Read → |
| ARTICLE 228A | Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of State laws—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 229 | Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 230 | Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.Read → |
| ARTICLE 231 | Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 232 | Interpretation.Read → |
| CHAPTER VI | SUBORDINATE COURTS |
| ARTICLE 233 | Appointment of district judges.Read → |
| ARTICLE 233A | Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges.Read → |
| ARTICLE 234 | Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service.Read → |
| ARTICLE 235 | Control over subordinate courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 236 | Interpretation.Read → |
| ARTICLE 237 | Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | The States in Part B of the First Schedule. |
| ARTICLE 239 | Administration of Union territories.Read → |
| ARTICLE 239A | Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.Read → |
| ARTICLE 239AA | Special provisions with respect to Delhi.Read → |
| ARTICLE 239AB | Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.Read → |
| ARTICLE 239B | Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.Read → |
| ARTICLE 240 | Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories.Read → |
| ARTICLE 241 | High Courts for Union territories.Read → |
| ARTICLE 242 | Coorg—OmittedRead → |
| PART IX | THE PANCHAYATS |
| ARTICLE 243 | Definitions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243A | Gram Sabha.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243B | Constitution of Panchayats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243C | Composition of Panchayats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243D | Reservation of seats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243E | Duration of Panchayats, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243F | Disqualifications for membership.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243G | Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243H | Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243I | Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243J | Audit of accounts of Panchayats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243K | Elections to the Panchayats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243L | Application to Union territories.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243M | Part not to apply to certain areas.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243N | Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243O | Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243P | Definitions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243Q | Constitution of Municipalities.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243R | Composition of Municipalities.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243S | Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243T | Reservation of seats.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243U | Duration of Municipalities, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243V | Disqualifications for membership.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243W | Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243X | Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243Y | Finance Commission.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243Z | Audit of accounts of Municipalities.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZA | Elections to the Municipalities.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZB | Application to Union territories.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZC | Part not to apply to certain areas.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZD | Committee for district planning.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZE | Committee for Metropolitan planning.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZF | Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZG | Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZH | Definitions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZJ | Number and term of members of board and its office bearers.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZK | Election of members of board.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZL | Supersession and suspension of board and interim management.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZM | Audit of accounts of co-operative societies.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZN | Convening of general body meetings.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZO | Right of a member to get information.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZP | Returns.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZQ | Offences and penalties.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZR | Application to multi-State co-operative societies.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZS | Application to Union territories.Read → |
| ARTICLE 243ZT | Continuance of existing laws.Read → |
| PART X | THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS |
| ARTICLE 244 | Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.Read → |
| ARTICLE 244A | Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.Read → |
| PART XI | RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES |
| CHAPTER I | LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS |
| SUB-HEADING | Distributionof Legislative Powers |
| ARTICLE 245 | Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 246 | Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 246A | Special provision with respect to goods and services tax.Read → |
| ARTICLE 247 | Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 248 | Residuary powers of legislation.Read → |
| ARTICLE 249 | Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest.Read → |
| ARTICLE 250 | Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.Read → |
| ARTICLE 251 | Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 252 | Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State.Read → |
| ARTICLE 253 | Legislation for giving effect to international agreements.Read → |
| ARTICLE 254 | Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 255 | Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only.Read → |
| CHAPTER II | ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS |
| ARTICLE 256 | Obligation of States and the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 257 | Control of the Union over States in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 257A | Assistance to States by deployment of armed forces or other forces of the Union—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 258 | Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 258A | Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 259 | Armed Forces in States in Part B of the First Schedule—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 260 | Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India.Read → |
| ARTICLE 261 | Public acts, records and judicial proceedings.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Disputes relating to Waters |
| ARTICLE 262 | Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Co-ordination between States |
| ARTICLE 263 | Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council.Read → |
| PART XII | FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS |
| CHAPTER I | FINANCE |
| SUB-HEADING | General |
| ARTICLE 264 | Interpretation.Read → |
| ARTICLE 265 | Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.Read → |
| ARTICLE 266 | Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 267 | Contingency Fund.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Distribution of Revenues between the Union and the States |
| ARTICLE 268 | Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 268A | Service tax levied by Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and the States—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 269 | Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 269A | Levy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-State trade or commerce.Read → |
| ARTICLE 270 | Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 271 | Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 272 | Taxes which are levied and collected by the Union and may be distributed between the Union and the States—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 273 | Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products.Read → |
| ARTICLE 274 | Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested.Read → |
| ARTICLE 275 | Grants from the Union to certain States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 276 | Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.Read → |
| ARTICLE 277 | Savings.Read → |
| ARTICLE 278 | Agreement with States in Part B of the First Schedule with regard to certain financial matters—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 279 | Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 279A | Goods and Services Tax Council.Read → |
| ARTICLE 280 | Finance Commission.Read → |
| ARTICLE 281 | Recommendations of the Finance Commission.Read → |
| SUB-HEADING | Miscellaneous Financial Provisions |
| ARTICLE 282 | Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues.Read → |
| ARTICLE 283 | Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 284 | Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 285 | Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation.Read → |
| ARTICLE 286 | Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.Read → |
| ARTICLE 287 | Exemption from taxes on electricity.Read → |
| ARTICLE 288 | Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 289 | Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation.Read → |
| ARTICLE 290 | Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 290A | Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds.Read → |
| ARTICLE 291 | Privy purse sums of Rulers—OmittedRead → |
| CHAPTER II | BORROWING |
| ARTICLE 292 | Borrowing by the Government of India.Read → |
| ARTICLE 293 | Borrowing by States.Read → |
| CHAPTER III | PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS |
| ARTICLE 294 | Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 295 | Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 296 | Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia.Read → |
| ARTICLE 297 | Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 298 | Power to carry on trade, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 299 | Contracts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 300 | Suits and proceedings.Read → |
| CHAPTER IV | RIGHT TO PROPERTY |
| ARTICLE 300A | Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.Read → |
| PART XIII | TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA |
| ARTICLE 301 | Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.Read → |
| ARTICLE 302 | Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.Read → |
| ARTICLE 303 | Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.Read → |
| ARTICLE 304 | Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 305 | Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.Read → |
| ARTICLE 306 | Power of certain States in Part B of the First Schedule to impose restrictions on trade and commerce—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 307 | Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.Read → |
| PART XIV | SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES |
| CHAPTER I | SERVICES |
| ARTICLE 308 | Interpretation.Read → |
| ARTICLE 309 | Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.Read → |
| ARTICLE 310 | Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State.Read → |
| ARTICLE 311 | Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.Read → |
| ARTICLE 312 | All-India services.Read → |
| ARTICLE 312A | Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services.Read → |
| ARTICLE 313 | Transitional provisions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 314 | Provision for protection of existing officers of certain services—OmittedRead → |
| CHAPTER II | PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS |
| ARTICLE 315 | Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 316 | Appointment and term of office of members.Read → |
| ARTICLE 317 | Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission.Read → |
| ARTICLE 318 | Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.Read → |
| ARTICLE 319 | Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members.Read → |
| ARTICLE 320 | Functions of Public Service Commissions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 321 | Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 322 | Expenses of Public Service Commissions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 323 | Reports of Public Service Commissions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 323A | Administrative tribunals.Read → |
| ARTICLE 323B | Tribunals for other matters.Read → |
| PART XV | ELECTIONS |
| ARTICLE 324 | Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.Read → |
| ARTICLE 325 | No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.Read → |
| ARTICLE 326 | Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.Read → |
| ARTICLE 327 | Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.Read → |
| ARTICLE 328 | Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.Read → |
| ARTICLE 329 | Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.Read → |
| ARTICLE 329A | Special provision as to elections to Parliament in the case of Prime Minister and Speaker—OmittedRead → |
| PART XVI | SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES |
| ARTICLE 330 | Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.Read → |
| ARTICLE 330A | Reservation of seats for women in the House of the People.Read → |
| ARTICLE 331 | Representation of the Anglo-Indian Community in the House of the People.Read → |
| ARTICLE 332 | Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 332A | Reservation of seats for women in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 333 | Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 334 | Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period.Read → |
| ARTICLE 334A | Reservation of seats for women take effect.Read → |
| ARTICLE 335 | Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 336 | Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services.Read → |
| ARTICLE 337 | Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community.Read → |
| ARTICLE 338 | National Commission for Scheduled Castes.Read → |
| ARTICLE 338A | National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.Read → |
| ARTICLE 338B | National Commission for Backward Classes.Read → |
| ARTICLE 339 | Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.Read → |
| ARTICLE 340 | Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.Read → |
| ARTICLE 341 | Scheduled Castes.Read → |
| ARTICLE 342 | Scheduled Tribes.Read → |
| ARTICLE 342A | Socially and educationally backward classes.Read → |
| PART XVII | OFFICIAL LANGUAGE |
| CHAPTER I | LANGUAGE OF THE UNION |
| ARTICLE 343 | Official language of the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 344 | Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language.Read → |
| CHAPTER II | REGIONAL LANGUAGES |
| ARTICLE 345 | Official language or languages of a State.Read → |
| ARTICLE 346 | Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 347 | Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State.Read → |
| CHAPTER III | LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS, ETC. |
| ARTICLE 348 | Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 349 | Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.Read → |
| CHAPTER IV | SPECIAL DIRECTIVES |
| ARTICLE 350 | Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances.Read → |
| ARTICLE 350A | Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.Read → |
| ARTICLE 350B | Special Officer for linguistic minorities.Read → |
| ARTICLE 351 | Directive for development of the Hindi language.Read → |
| PART XVIII | EMERGENCY PROVISIONS |
| ARTICLE 352 | Proclamation of Emergency.Read → |
| ARTICLE 353 | Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.Read → |
| ARTICLE 354 | Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.Read → |
| ARTICLE 355 | Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.Read → |
| ARTICLE 356 | Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States.Read → |
| ARTICLE 357 | Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356.Read → |
| ARTICLE 358 | Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies.Read → |
| ARTICLE 359 | Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies.Read → |
| ARTICLE 359A | Application of this Part to the State of Punjab—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 360 | Provisions as to financial emergency.Read → |
| PART XIX | MISCELLANEOUS |
| ARTICLE 361 | Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs.Read → |
| ARTICLE 361A | Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.Read → |
| ARTICLE 361B | Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post.Read → |
| ARTICLE 362 | Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian States—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 363 | Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.Read → |
| ARTICLE 363A | Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.Read → |
| ARTICLE 364 | Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.Read → |
| ARTICLE 365 | Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union.Read → |
| ARTICLE 366 | Definitions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 367 | Interpretation.Read → |
| PART XX | AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION |
| ARTICLE 368 | Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.Read → |
| PART XXI | TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS |
| ARTICLE 369 | Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List.Read → |
| ARTICLE 370 | Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371 | Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371A | Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371B | Special provision with respect to the State of Assam.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371C | Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371D | Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh or the State of Telangana.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371E | Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371F | Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371G | Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371H | Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.Read → |
| ARTICLE 371J | Special provisions with respect to State of Karnataka.Read → |
| ARTICLE 372 | Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation.Read → |
| ARTICLE 372A | Power of the President to adapt laws.Read → |
| ARTICLE 373 | Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases.Read → |
| ARTICLE 374 | Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council.Read → |
| ARTICLE 375 | Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution.Read → |
| ARTICLE 376 | Provisions as to Judges of High Courts.Read → |
| ARTICLE 377 | Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.Read → |
| ARTICLE 378 | Provisions as to Public Service Commissions.Read → |
| ARTICLE 378A | Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.Read → |
| ARTICLE 379 | Provisions as to provisional Parliament and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 380 | Provision as to President—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 381 | Council of Ministers of the President—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 382 | Provisions as to provisional Legislatures for States in Part A of the First Schedule—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 383 | Provision as to Governors of Provinces—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 384 | Council of Ministers of the Governors—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 385 | Provision as to provisional Legislatures in States in Part B of the First Schedule—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 386 | Council of Ministers for States in Part B of the First Schedule—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 387 | Special provision as to determination of population for the purposes of certain elections—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 388 | Provisions as to the filling of casual vacancies in the provisional Parliament and provisional Legislatures of the States—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 389 | Provision as to Bills pending in the Dominion Legislatures and in the Legislatures of Provinces and Indian States—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 390 | Money received or raised or expenditure incurred between the commencement of the Constitution and the 31st day of March, 1950—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 391 | Power of the President to amend the First and Fourth Schedules in certain contingencies—OmittedRead → |
| ARTICLE 392 | Power of the President to remove difficulties.Read → |
| PART XXII | SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS |
| ARTICLE 393 | Short title.Read → |
| ARTICLE 394 | Commencement.Read → |
| ARTICLE 394A | Authoritative text in the Hindi language.Read → |
| ARTICLE 395 | Repeals.Read → |
| SCHEDULE FIRST | First ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE SECOND | Second ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE THIRD | Third ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE FOURTH | Fourth ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE FIFTH | Fifth ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE SIXTH | Sixth Schedule (Part 1 of 2)Read → |
| SCHEDULE SIXTH (CONT. 2) | Sixth Schedule (Part 2 of 2)Read → |
| SCHEDULE SEVENTH | Seventh ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE EIGHTH | Eighth ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE NINTH | Ninth ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE TENTH | Tenth ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE ELEVENTH | Eleventh ScheduleRead → |
| SCHEDULE TWELFTH | Twelfth ScheduleRead → |
